CSE · GS-4Official PYQ · CSE 2018 · Q12Ethics · Case Studies · 20 marks · 250 words
English
Edward Snowden, a computer expert and former CIA systems administrator, released confidential Government documents to the press about the existence of Government surveillance programmes. According to many legal experts and the US Government, his actions violated the Espionage Act of 1917, which identified the leak of State secrets as an act of treason. Yet, despite the fact that he broke the law, Snowden argued that he had a moral obligation to act. He gave a justification for his “whistle blowing” by stating that he had a duty “to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them.” According to Snowden, the Government’s violation of privacy had to be exposed regardless of legality since more substantive issues of social action and public morality were involved here. Many agreed with Snowden. Few argued that he broke the law and compromised national security, for which he should be held accountable. Do you agree that Snowden’s actions were ethically justified even if legally prohibited? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case.
हिन्दी
एडवर्ड स्नोडन, एक कंप्यूटर विशेषज्ञ तथा सी.आई.ए. के पूर्व व्यवस्था प्रशासक, ने सरकार के निगरानी कार्यक्रमों के अस्तित्व के बारे में गोपनीय सरकारी दस्तावेज़ों का खुलासा प्रेस को कर दिया। अनेक विधि विशेषज्ञों और अमेरिकी सरकार के अनुसार, उसके इस कार्य से गुप्तचर्या अधिनियम 1917 का उल्लंघन हुआ है, जिसके अंतर्गत राज्य गुप्त बातों का सार्वजनीकरण राजद्रोह माना जाता है। इसके बावजूद कि स्नोडन ने कानून तोड़ा था, उसने तर्क दिया कि ऐसा करना उसका एक नैतिक दायित्व था। उसने अपने “जानकारी सार्वजनिक करने को (व्हिसल ब्लोइंग)” यह कह कर उचित ठहराया कि “जनता को यह सूचना देना कि उसके नाम पर क्या किया जाता है और उसके विरुद्ध क्या किया जाता है”, बताना उसका कर्तव्य है। स्नोडन के अनुसार, सरकार द्वारा निजता के उल्लंघन को वैधानिकता की परवाह किए बिना उसको उजागर करना चाहिए क्योंकि इसमें सामाजिक क्रिया तथा सार्वजनिक नैतिकता के अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण मुद्दे शामिल हैं। अनेक व्यक्ति स्नोडन से सहमत थे। केवल कुछ ने यह तर्क दिए कि स्नोडन ने कानून तोड़ा है और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के साथ समझौता किया है, जिसके लिए उसे जवाबदेह ठहराया जाना चाहिए। क्या आप इससे सहमत हैं कि स्नोडन का कार्य कानूनी रूप से प्रतिबंधित होते हुए भी नैतिकता की दृष्टि से उचित था? क्यों या क्यों नहीं? इस विषय में परस्पर स्पर्धी मूल्यों को तोलते हुए अपना तर्क दीजिए।
Text taken verbatim from the commission's published question paper. Transcribed from UPSC’s question paper, CS(M) 2018 (English and Hindi). Source
Syllabus
Ethics · Case Studies
Case studies on the above issues.
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